Squamous cell carcinoma

Form of skin cancer that develops in the cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin

Overview

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells found in the outermost layer of the skin. SCC is the second most common type of skin cancer, usually developing on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, lips, and back of the hands.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of SCC may include:

  • Scaly, red patches: SCC often starts as rough, scaly, or crusty patches on the skin.
  • Open sores or ulcers: These may not heal or heal and then reappear.
  • Raised growths: SCC can appear as raised, firm nodules with a crusted or ulcerated surface.
  • Persistent, non-healing wounds: Wounds that don’t heal or continue to grow should be evaluated.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of SCC is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include:

  • Fair skin: People with fair skin are more susceptible to SCC.
  • Sun exposure: Chronic sun exposure over time increases the risk.
  • Age: SCC is more common in older adults.
  • Weakened immune system: Individuals with weakened immune systems have a higher risk.
  • Exposure to chemicals: Certain chemicals, such as arsenic, can increase the risk.

Treatment

Treatment options for SCC depend on the size, location, and stage of the cancer. Common treatment methods include:

  • Surgical excision: Removing the cancerous tissue along with a margin of healthy skin.
  • Mohs surgery: A precise surgical technique to remove the tumor layer by layer.
  • Radiation therapy: Using high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells.
  • Topical medications: Creams or gels containing anti-cancer agents can be applied to the affected area.

Self-Care and Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing SCC and protect your skin:

  • Limit sun exposure: Seek shade, wear protective clothing, and use sunscreen.
  • Avoid tanning beds: These devices emit harmful UV radiation.
  • Perform regular self-examinations: Check your skin for any changes or suspicious growths.
  • Schedule regular skin checks: Visit a dermatologist for routine skin examinations.

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